A temperature controller is a vital device used to regulate and maintain the temperature within a specific range in various industrial, commercial, and residential applications. These controllers work by continuously monitoring the temperature of a system or environment and adjusting heating or cooling mechanisms to keep the temperature within the desired setpoint. Temperature controllers are commonly used in processes such as refrigeration, HVAC systems, ovens, and incubators, ensuring that critical conditions are met to optimize performance and protect sensitive equipment or products.